Country | Visa fees | Unemployment rate[0] | Average salary/month[1] | Studying/year | Citizenship after | Dual citizenship | Visa-free access[2] | Immigrants[3] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Germany | 250 USD | 3.1% | 4,151 USD | Free | 8+ years[4] | No | 189 | 16% |
US | 400 USD | 3.5% | 5,258 USD | 18000+ USD | 3+ years[5] | Yes | 184 | 13.6% |
Canada | 120 USD | 5.7% | 4,071 USD | 15000+ USD | 3+ years[6] | Yes | 183 | 20.8 % |
Australia | 426 USD | 5.2% | 4,446 USD | 18000+ USD | 4+ years[7] | Yes | 183 | 29.6% |
New Zealand | 4% | 3,527 USD | 11600+ USD | 5+ years[8] | Yes | 183 | 25.1% | |
Spain | 14.2% | 3,230 USD | 735+ USD | 5+ years[9] | No | 187 | 13.4% | |
Poland | 3.2% | 2,426 USD | 1300+ USD | 5+ years[10] | Yes | 176 | 1.8%[11] | |
Israel | 4.6% | 3,137 USD | 3000+ USD | 3+ years[12] | Yes | 159 | 21.8% | |
Norway | 3.7% | 4,246 USD | 108+ USD | 3+ years[13] | Yes | 184 | 15.4% | |
Czech Republic | 2.1% | 2,247 USD | Free | 3+ years[14] | Yes | 183 | 7.5% | |
Finland | 6.8% | 3,709 USD | 4520+ USD | 5+ years[15] | Yes | 187 | 6.7% | |
Italy | 10% | 3,146 USD | 1920+ USD | 3+ years[16] | Yes | 188 | 10.4% |
Country | Exam | Bachelor’s/year | Master’s/year | Opportunity to work | Universities in the top 1000[17] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Germany | English / German | 3240 USD / Free | 9330 USD / Free | 20 hours/week | 46 |
US | English | 30000 USD | 25000 USD | 20 hours/week | 157 |
Canada | English / French | 29700 USD | 17700 USD | 20 hours/week | 26 |
Australia | English | 28000 USD | 28000 USD | 20 hours/week | 35 |
New Zealand | English | 27000 USD | 31500 USD | 20 hours/week | 8 |
Spain | English / Spanish | 13000 USD | 4300 USD | 20 hours/week | 27 |
Poland | English / Polish | 3240 USD | 3020 USD | 20 hours/week | 16 |
Israel | English / Hebrew | 8000 USD | 4000 USD | No | 6 |
Norway | English / Norwegian | 108 USD | 108 USD | 20 hours/week | 4 |
Czech Republic | English / Czech | 3780 USD / Free | 4530 USD / Free | 20 hours/week | 9 |
Finland | English / Finnish / Swedish | 10800 USD / Free | 10260 USD / Free | 25 hours/week | 9 |
Italy | English / Italian | 4320 USD | 7560 USD | 20 hours/week | 34 |
Country | Min. salary/month[18] | Average salary/month[19] | Tax with a salary of 2,000 USD | Tax with a salary of 8,000 USD | Unemployment[20] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Germany | 1,768 USD | 4,151 USD | 39.875% | 67.875%[21][22] | 3.4% |
US | 1,257 USD | 5,258 USD | 29.65–38.60% | 31.65–40.6%[23][24][25] | 3.8% |
Canada | 1560 USD | 4,071 USD | 25.61–47.31% | 36.61–58.36%[26][27][28] | 5.6% |
Australia | 2327 USD | 4,446 USD | 32.5% | 37%[29] | 5% |
New Zealand | 1963 USD[30] | 3,527 USD | 17.5% | 33%[31] | 4.3% |
Spain | 1,013 USD | 3,230 USD | 30.85–42.85% | 38.35–49.85%? [32][33] | 15.1% |
Poland | 581 USD | 2,426 USD | 45.71% | 45.71%[34][35] | 3.9% |
Israel | 1,547 USD [36] | 3,137 USD | 17.5% | 41.5%[37][38] | 4,2% |
Norway | [39] | 4,246 USD | 29.1–32.6% | 42.1–46.6%[40] | 3.9% |
Czech Republic | 561 USD | 2,247 USD | 26% | 26%[41][42] | 2.3% |
Finland | [43] | 3,709 USD | 33.78%–39.78% | 59.03–65.03%[44][45] | 7.4% |
Italy | [46] | 3,146 USD | 36.5–40.72% | 52.5–56.72%[47][48] | 10.2% |
Country | Tax | Commentary |
---|---|---|
Germany | 31.5% | Federal rate - 15%, solidarity tax - 5.5%, tax depending on the federal state - 14-17%[49] |
USA | 25.7% | Federal rate - 21%, tax depending on the state 3-12% (44 out of 50 states)[50] |
Canada | 37.75% | Federal rate 9–38%, provincial rate 11.5-16%[51] |
Australia | 30% | Exception (27.5%) for companies with annual revenue of less than 19,289,379 USD[52][53] |
New Zealand | 28% | Fixed rate[54] |
Spain | 25% | Fixed rate[55] |
Poland | 19% | Exception (9%) for start-ups in the first year and for small businesses (income, including VAT, for goods and services less than 1,451,598 USD)[ -][56] |
Israel | 25% | Fixed rate[57] |
Norway | 22% | Fixed rate[58] |
Czech Republic | 19% | Exception for investment (5%), and pension funds[59] (0%) |
Finland | 20% | Fixed rate[60] |
Italy | 24% | Fixed rate; it may be increased depending on the region (production tax from 3.9%[61]) |
Country | Category | Type of investment | Investment |
---|---|---|---|
Greece | Real estate | Purchase of real estate | 302,416 USD[62] |
Portugal | Real estate | Investment in the restoration of property, which was built over 30 years ago, or one located in the area of the city that is in the need of reconstruction | 423,383 USD |
Portugal | Real estate | Purchase of real estate | 604,833 USD |
Portugal | Investment | Investments in preservation of cultural heritage, support of art, etc. | 302,416 USD |
Portugal | Investment | Investments in scientific research | 423,383 USD |
Portugal | Investment | Any investments | 1,209,665 USD[63] |
Spain | Real estate | Purchase of real estate | 604,833 USD |
Spain | Investment | Investment in a bank or enterprise | 1,209,665 USD |
Spain | Investment | Buying government bonds | 2,419,330 USD[64] |
Cyprus | Real estate | Purchase of real estate | 362,900 USD[65] |
Bulgaria | Investment | Investment in a company whose shares are listed on the Bulgarian exchange | 668,183 USD |
Bulgaria | Investment | Investment in a company whose shares are not listed on the Bulgarian stock exchange | 4,009,109 USD [66] |
Country | Category | Type of investments | Investments |
---|---|---|---|
Malta | Real estate | Five-year lease of real estate in Malta | 96,773 USD |
Malta | Real estate | Purchase of real estate | 423,383 USD |
Malta | Investment | Contribution to the National Development and Social Fund | 786,282 USD |
Malta | Investment | Buying state bonds or bonds from Malta Stock Exchange | 181,450 USD[67] |
Cyprus | Property | Purchase of real estate | 2,600,780 USD[68] |
Turkey | Investment | Contribution to government bonds, Turkish banks, venture capital, etc. | 560,571 USD |
Turkey | Real estate | Purchase of real estate | 280,279 USD [69] |