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The profession of a teacher is one of the most important ones because all other specialties depend on it. Whether it's a doctor, a president, or a movie star, everyone starts their education at school. Anyone who has decided to devote their lives to working with children and has chosen the profession of a teacher must be ready for a difficult path. Firstly, this work is one of the most difficult ones[1], and secondly, in many countries, the profession of a teacher is extremely low paid. However, for passionate educators, the moral satisfaction and joy of communicating with children and teenagers are usually worth it.
| Country/region | Min. salary/year | Average salary/year | Kindergarten | English language teacher (ESL) | School Principal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| USA | 36,500 USD | 74,400 USD | 56,850 USD | 45,801 USD | 108,125 USD |
| Great Britain | 33,234 USD | 72,294 USD | 32,334 USD | 41,805 USD | 65,054 USD |
| Russian Federation | 2,873 USD | 5,028 USD | 2,945 USD | 5,028 USD | 4,803 USD |
| Australia | 23,285 USD | 47,458 USD | 42,253 USD | 46,861 USD | 81,860 USD |
| Canada | 34,914 USD | 67,176 USD | 31,474 USD | 27,960 USD | 68,879 USD |
| Germany | 16,136 USD | 34,917 USD | 31,091 USD | 27,120 USD | 74,717 USD |
| France | 20,453 USD | 39,324 USD | 32,093 USD | 22,035 USD | 78,710 USD |
| South Korea | 1,664 USD | 34,673 USD | 16,635 USD | 17,909 USD | 39,238 USD |
| Hong Kong | 28,780 USD | 60,087 USD | 31,109 USD | 33,342 USD | 69,322 USD |
The figures in the table are approximate.


Specializations, as a rule, do not differ much between various countries. The main areas are preschool/primary/secondary/senior education and special education. To study in secondary/senior education, you must choose a core subject that you will teach. For example, mathematics, literature, history, geography, foreign language, physics, biology, etc. You can study to become a professor at a university after receiving a PhD degree and some work experience. However, there are programs (for example, Master's degrees) that prepare teachers for different ages, including adults.
When choosing, you should be guided by what you like the most. In this case, it is worth considering the shortcomings of a particular subject. For example, teachers of languages and literature have to check stacks upon stacks of notebooks with handwritten texts, which consumes a lot of time.
If you like creativity, then you can become an art, music, or choreography teacher, if you are into sports — you can be a physical education teacher or a coach. It is important not to prioritize the prestige of a specialization. You are more likely to become a great teacher if you love your subject and pass that love on to your students.
Another not widespread, but very significant direction is special education. Inclusive education is one of the principles of UNESCO[2].
To become a teacher, it is necessary to have an education — preferably a university degree. Though it often happens that people without special education become good teachers who are passionate about their work, while those who received such education, on the contrary, burn out and leave the profession in the first years of work. If your first degree is not in teaching, then you can always take additional courses or get a second education.
You can get a specialized secondary teacher education in colleges. As a rule, they offer programs such as preschool education, primary education, special preschool education, and additional education. For admission, you must pass a GPA competition, sometimes additionally pass entrance tests (for example, for future teachers of choreography, fine arts, physical education). After graduation, the studies can be continued in the 1st year of a Bachelor's program or you can start to seek employment.
Colleges, for example, in the USA or Australia, require an associate or Bachelor's degree. Community colleges in the United States offer preschool, elementary, general teacher training education, English as a Foreign Language (ESL), and more. For those who have already graduated, some colleges, such as McLennan Community College, offer certificate programs for future teachers. To enter, you need to know English at a high level and pass two exams — SAT and IELTS/TOEFL. In Australia, colleges are called TAFE — Technical and Further Education. They offer vocational training, special preschool education, etc. After graduation, you can continue your education at a university or seek employment.
Universities generally offer teacher’s education in the following programs: Preschool/Primary/Secondary/Higher education, Preschool Psychology, subject programs (Biology, Chemistry, Computer Science, Geography, Mathematics, Physical Education, etc.), and Special Education. Students, as a rule, have internships in public and private schools, gymnasiums, and lyceums.
There are various ways of obtaining higher education:
One can also become a teacher at school through a special Bachelor's or Master's degree program. After receiving a PhD in any specialty (except teaching), there is an opportunity to start an academic career and teach at a university. The Doctor of Education degree (EdD), in turn, opens up access to managerial positions in education.
Admission to universities differs depending on the country and program. Typically the following is required:
| # | University | Bachelor’s studies/ year | Country |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | University College London | 26,111 USD | UK |
| 2 | Harvard University | 49,653 USD | USA |
| 3 | Stanford University | 18,491 USD | USA |
| 4 | University of Oxford | 35,445-49,666 USD | UK |
| 5 | University of Toronto | 40,879 USD | Canada |
| 6 | University of Cambridge | 29,430 USD | United Kingdom |
| 7 | University of Hong Kong | 22,049 USD | Hong Kong |
| 8 | UC Berkeley | 44,008 USD | United States |
| 9 | University of British Columbia | 37,963 USD | Canada |
| 10 | Columbia University | 58,920 USD | USA |
All information must be checked with universities.

A teacher is an important person in a child’s life. The teacher’s responsibility is to raise a confident and psychologically healthy adult. To do that successfully, the teacher must sincerely love children and have such traits as honesty, politeness, empathy, etc.
Patience and self-control are critical for a teacher, because often they have to deal with unfocused children and explain the material several times. At such moments, creativity can be a saving grace — a creative approach makes it easier for children to understand complex topics and evokes interest in learning. Everyone can simply read lecture material outloud, but only a good teacher can find a unique approach to each child.
The teacher is a leader and role model. To maintain order in the classroom, they must have developed organizational skills and leadership potential. It is also advisable to lead by example and demonstrate the qualities that you want children to adopt — for example, responsibility and discipline. Finally, it is important to build trusting relationships with your students, but at the same time remain an authority, since having a too gentle personality often results in children taking advantage of you.
Teachers work in public or private kindergartens, primary and secondary schools, and higher education institutions. If you work in the creative field, then you can get a job in choreography schools, art studios, or music schools.
Many teachers work during the school year, usually Monday through Friday. In their free time, teachers check homework, prepare lesson plans. As a rule, teachers take vacations in the summer. School systems also include quarter breaks. In the summer, teachers can take vocational courses.
Some teachers prefer to work from home — online or offline. In the first case, they get a job in online schools, in the second, they work as tutors. Such teachers can teach subjects in general, prepare students for exams, or simply improve their knowledge to catch up to or get ahead of the school program. Online courses (MOOCs) are quickly gaining popularity. If you wish, you can create your own and sell them on online platforms — expertise from a professional is always appreciated.
Also, teachers can find work in corporate training, teaching company employees certain skills or transferring knowledge to them. The teaching possibilities are endless as long as people strive for education.

Anton Semyonovich Makarenko was a globally renowned educator and teacher. He was the most influential educational theorist in the Soviet Union. Starting as a teacher of Russian Language, Painting, and Technical Drawing in 1905, Makarenko eventually became a school principal. Then in 1920, he became the head of a correctional facility for juvenile offenders. He wrote articles, reports, and books on the topics of teaching and the organization of education. Makarenko created a pedagogical system that influenced education in the entire world.
Maria Montessori was an outstanding humanitarian, teacher, scientist, and physician from Italy. Montessori developed a unique and effective system of free education, which is named after its creator. She strove to eliminate any pressure during children’s upbringing and believed in the inner abilities of the child. In 1909, while Montessori was still alive, courses in Montessori pedagogy began to be opened, and have since been attended by many teachers from different countries. The Montessori system is still used in many public and private schools around the world. She also participated in the movement for women's rights.
Jaime Escalante was born in Bolivia in 1930 but moved to the United States at an early age, where he became famous for teaching mathematics at Garfield High School in East Louisiana. Although the school never excelled in academic performance, Escalante's talent, hard work, and love for teaching were able to significantly improve the academic performance of his students. In the early 1980s, Garfield High School students managed to pass the state Advanced Placement exam, which brought the teacher national awards. Escalante's story was featured in the movie Stand and Deliver.
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